Power transformers are a critical part of the whole electrical system, from the generation end to the consumption end. Using the electromagnetic induction (EMI) principle, it is designed to transfer electricity at various stages. At its core are the primary and secondary windings, in which electricity is received by the primary and transferred to the secondary without changing the frequency. In the flow of electrical power, different points require different voltage levels, and to adjust the power flowing through each unit, there are broad categories of power transformers. Understanding different types of Power Transformers requires knowledge of core material, winding arrangements, and voltage. At Mahendra Transformers, we provide various types of these transformers for diverse applications. As the top manufacturers, we are sharing our insights on the different types of power transformers in this blog.
Types of Power Transformers
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Based on Voltage Transformation
Step Up: In the step-up power transformers, the voltage generated from the generation plants is increased. This is done to lower the current because a high value of current means higher power losses. It is not feasible to safely transmit it across the large distances. Hence, step-up transformers are usually in power plants.
Step Down: Step down transformers are used to decrease the voltage and distribute it to various electrical systems like residential, industrial and commercial zones. By lowering the voltage, it ensures safety for end-user consumption. -
Based on Phases
Single Phase: These are simple in design and suitable for moderate power demands in homes and business shops. They transmit power in standard 230 V and handle lower energy needs, such as 5 kVA to 100 kVA. These use two wires – live and neutral.
Three Phase: In three phase transformers, three live wires and sometimes a neutral wire are used. These are required to handle larger power demands in commercial centres and industrial settings. Large motors, HVAC systems, cranes and heavy duty machines are supported by these transformers. -
Based on Cooling method
Oil Immersed: Cooling and insulation are important processes for the proper functioning and longevity of transformers. This is generally providing by a coolant, which is refined insulating oil. These are aided by radiators and cooling fans for better dissipation of heat. The oil-immersed type is widely used in substations and high-load transmission networks.
Dry Type: Oil immersed has an issue of safety and contamination. When leakage happens, there is a risk of fire accidents. Moreover, they require more maintenance. But the dry type transformers use air for insulation and cooling, with special construction of components made of epoxy resin or other similar materials. These are used near hospitals, congested urban spaces and shopping malls where fire safety is a key concern.
Conclusion
Power transformers are designed into different configurations according to specific applications. With innovation, there are other types of these transformers made by manufacturers like Mahendra Transformers to cater to diverse power needs. Some of innovative solutions are Hermetically Sealed, Inverter Duty and Furnace Transformers. The above classification is broad and winds up the basic power transformer types.
